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Le Sommeil, la Conscience et l’Éveil

Autor: Michel Jouvet

Número de Páginas: 303

« Ce livre a pour objectif de nous faire comprendre et presque toucher du doigt les mécanismes de l’éveil. En effet, si ses mécanismes sont désormais bien connus, les liens étroits entre l’éveil et le sommeil restent mystérieux. Dans ce livre, nous aborderons aussi le problème des consciences, car ce n’est pas seulement l’éveil qui permet la conscience, mais également un état particulier du sommeil, le sommeil paradoxal, qui nous ouvre la conscience du rêve. Comment étudier la conscience ? Est-ce même possible ? Peut-on décrire les mécanismes cérébraux de la conscience comme le pense Edelman ? Les animaux ont-ils une conscience ? et l’enfant, à partir de quel âge ? Subjectivement, ne sommes-nous pas souvent sûrs d’être éveillés alors que nous rêvons ? » M. J. Michel Jouvet est membre de l’Académie des sciences, médaille d’or du CNRS. Il a découvert et caractérisé ce qu’il a appelé le « sommeil paradoxal », troisième état de fonctionnement du cerveau. Il est l’auteur de nombreux ouvrages, notamment Le Château des songes, Le Sommeil et le Rêve, et De la science et des rêves. Mémoires d’un onirologue, qui ont été de...

El sueño, la conciencia y la vigilia

Autor: Jouvet, Michel

Número de Páginas: 211

Michel Jouvet, importante neurofisiólogo francés, ofrece en este libro un interesante estudio sobre el sueño, la vigilia y la conciencia, a partir de la historia y la evolución de estos conceptos, y presenta también sus propias investigaciones y descubrimientos, como el sueño paradójico o rem y sus experimentos en gatos. Además, el autor realiza una crítica a la ciencia con la ayuda de otras disciplinas como la filosofía, pues cuestiona la forma en que los científicos se aíslan de otras perspectivas, y precisamente, señala que para entender la conciencia, que es en parte subjetiva, es necesario un estudio integrativo.

Poder Plástico. El hombre simbólico materialista y la política internacional

Autor: Juan Recce

Número de Páginas: 366

The Ancient Origins of Consciousness

Autor: Todd E. Feinberg , Jon M. Mallatt

Número de Páginas: 387

How consciousness appeared much earlier in evolutionary history than is commonly assumed, and why all vertebrates and perhaps even some invertebrates are conscious. How is consciousness created? When did it first appear on Earth, and how did it evolve? What constitutes consciousness, and which animals can be said to be sentient? In this book, Todd Feinberg and Jon Mallatt draw on recent scientific findings to answer these questions—and to tackle the most fundamental question about the nature of consciousness: how does the material brain create subjective experience? After assembling a list of the biological and neurobiological features that seem responsible for consciousness, and considering the fossil record of evolution, Feinberg and Mallatt argue that consciousness appeared much earlier in evolutionary history than is commonly assumed. About 520 to 560 million years ago, they explain, the great “Cambrian explosion” of animal diversity produced the first complex brains, which were accompanied by the first appearance of consciousness; simple reflexive behaviors evolved into a unified inner world of subjective experiences. From this they deduce that all vertebrates are and...

¿Cómo Nacen Los Inventos?

Autor: Anna Mancini

Número de Páginas: 100

Invitados por la Academia Francesa para analizar el proceso mental de la creación científica, los más grandes estudiosos contemporáneos han pintado unánimemente el cuadro de una ciencia moderna que, lejos de responder a una lógica fría, sitúa en el origen de los mayores descubrimientos de nuestro tiempo al ser humano, sus intuiciones y sus sueños creativos. Según los científicos, es claro que la intuición y los sueños muestran el camino del descubrimiento y que la lógica solamente permite su manifestación a través de la experimentación. Pero también es claro que las condiciones para el surgimiento de nuevas ideas a través de los sueños o a través de la intuición se atribuyen al azar y a la casualidad. Como resultado, dichas condiciones han permanecido totalmente inexploradas por la ciencia. Sin embargo, para esta misma, sería de gran interés intentar comprender por qué y cómo los sueños y la intuición dan lugar a nuevas ideas. Las ideas inventivas nunca suceden por casualidad. Así como existen condiciones óptimas para que ocurran, también existen condiciones óptimas para que no ocurran. Este libro abre las puertas a la comprensión del fenómeno...

Sobre lo verdadero, lo bello y el bien. Un nuevo enfoque neuronal

Autor: Jean-pierre Changeux

Número de Páginas: 431

Obra capital en el terreno de la ciencia y la filosofía, 'Sobre lo verdadero, lo bello y el bien' es resultado de treinta años de investigación y de enseñanza. Síntesis de los conocimientos de las neurociencias y de su desarrollo hasta hoy, es también un libro sobre la cultura y el arte, la vida en sociedad, la ética y la significación de la muerte, así como sobre las lenguas, la escritura y las bases neuronales de la memoria y del aprendizaje. Con la intención de presentar un nuevo enfoque -un enfoque neuronal- de problemas tradicionalmente tratados por la filosofía y las ciencias humanas, Jean-Pierre Changeux, uno de los científicos más relevantes de la actualidad, se ocupa en esta obra de la conciencia y de la manera en que ella se manifiesta en la cultura. Oponiéndose a la distinción clásica entre el dominio de la naturaleza -objeto de las ciencias experimentales- y el dominio de la cultura y del espíritu -objeto de las ciencias humanas y de la filosofía-, el autor plantea que ya no es necesario protegerse de la ciencia, pues ésta trae consigo tantas enseñanzas filosóficas como la filosofía misma, comenzando por una reelaboración del concepto de...

Intereses públicos y privados en la configuración del territorio y la propiedad

Autor: David Eduardo Vázquez Salguero

Número de Páginas: 261

La presente obra trata sobre cómo los interéses públicos y privados fueron dos elementos de importancia en la conformación del territorio y la propiedad entre finales del siglo XVIII y mediados del siglo XIX, tomando como casos de estudio las salinas del Peñon Blanco. Durante ese periodo se repasa la interacción entre diferentes espacios geográficos relacionados con las fronteras político administrativas de lo que ahora conocemos como los estados de San Luis Potosí y Zacatecas.

Diario de un activista (vegano)

Autor: Óscar L. Sánchez

Número de Páginas: 292

¿Te has preguntado alguna vez qué es el veganismo? El veganismo es comprender que existe una injusticia y rechazarla. Convivimos con perros y gatos, y nos despiertan ternura los vídeos de algunos animales que podemos encontrar por internet, pero ¿cuál es en realidad nuestra relación con la mayoría de animales? Lo más habitual es que nos los comamos o los usemos para vestirnos, que compremos productos cosméticos que han sido testados en ellos, montemos a caballo o vayamos a zoos, acuarios... Lo cierto es que la sociedad ha normalizado tanto el uso de animales no humanos para nuestro beneficio que no los vemos como víctimas de ninguna injusticia, pero ¿el uso que hacemos de ellos es un acto moralmente aceptable? En este libro, Óscar L. Sánchez nos propone reflexionar sobre la relación que tenemos con los animales no humanos y además nos muestra, desde dentro, cómo son las vigilias, cubos, rescates o irrupciones, para conocer en primera persona algunas de las acciones que llevan a cabo los activistas por la liberación animal. Libro benéfico con la Fundación El Hogar Animal Sanctuary.

La ciencia de los sentimientos

Autor: Ignacio Rodríguez De Rivera

Número de Páginas: 314

¿Por qué estoy triste? ¿Me habré enamorado?... Sentir es como respirar, pero al respirar no dudas: hay una explicación científica. ¿Y si los sentimientos también la tuvieran? De eso va esta obra: un viaje fascinante por una nueva ciencia que desmonta la histórica guerra ciencia-emociones y ofrece aplicación práctica en nuestro bienestar emocional con sólidas e innovadoras respuestas a cuestiones que todos nos hemos planteado alguna vez.

Metazoos

Autor: Peter Godfrey-smith

Número de Páginas: 388

Tras el éxito internacional de Otras mentes, el filósofo Peter Godfrey Smith vuelve con un nuevo y apasionante ensayo en el que le sigue la pista a la evolución de las formas de vida para formular una teoría de la conciencia. ** Book of the Year según el Times y el Sunday Times ** Book of the Month según la BBC Science Focus ** En Metazoos, el filósofo Peter Godfrey-Smith profundiza en la investigación que ya iniciara en su anterior libro, el exitoso Otras mentes. Si en aquella ocasión era la sorprendente inteligencia de los pulpos lo que servía como punto de partida para reflexionar sobre la consciencia, ahora el horizonte se amplía para incluir a todo el reino animal. Tomando como hilo conductor el progreso de la capacidad de experimentar a largo de la evolución, Godfrey-Smith muestra cómo la aparición del primer cuerpo animal, hace unos 500 millones de años, fue una innovación revolucionaria que abrió nuevos caminos al desarrollo de la vida. Siguiendo el rastro evolutivo de las esponjas marinas, el coral, los calamares estriados, pulpos y los peces, y de allí a la tierra firme hogar de insectos, pájaros y primates como nosotros, Metazoos reúne todas esas...

Émotions et intelligence émotionnelle dans les organisations

Autor: Nicolae Sfetcu

Número de Páginas: 115

Une argumentation pour l'importance dualiste des émotions dans la société, individuellement et au niveau communautaire. La tendance actuelle à la prise de conscience et au contrôle des émotions grâce à l'intelligence émotionnelle a un effet bénéfique dans les affaires et pour le succès des activités sociales mais, si nous n'y prenons pas garde, elle peut conduire à une aliénation irréversible au niveau individuel et social. L'essai est composé de trois parties principales: Émotions (Modèles d'émotions, Le processus des émotions, La bonheur, La philosophie des émotions, L'éthique des émotions), Intelligence émotionnelle (Modèles d'intelligence émotionnelle, L'intelligence émotionnelle dans la recherche et l'éducation, La philosophie d'intelligence émotionnelle, L'intelligence émotionnelle dans la philosophie orientale) et Intelligence émotionnelle dans les organisations (Travail émotionnel, La philosophie de l'intelligence émotionnelle dans les organisations, La critique de l'intelligence émotionnelle dans les organisations, L'éthique de l'intelligence émotionnelle dans les organisations). Dans les Conclusions, je présente un résumé des...

Essais philosophiques

Autor: Nicolae Sfetcu

Número de Páginas: 1074

Une collection personnelle d'essais en philosophie des sciences (physique, en particulier la gravité), philosophie des technologies de l'information et de la communication, enjeux sociaux actuels (intelligence émotionnelle, pandémie COVID-19, eugénisme, renseignement), philosophie de l'art, et logique et philosophie du langage . La distinction entre falsification et rejet dans le problème de la démarcation de Karl Popper La reconstruction rationnelle de la science par le biais des programmes de recherche Isaac Newton vs Robert Hooke sur la loi de la gravitation universelle Isaac Newton sur l'action à distance en gravitation : Avec ou sans Dieu ? Boucles causales dans le voyage dans le temps Les singularités comme limites ontologiques de la relativité générale Epistémologie de la gravité expérimentale - Rationalité scientifique La philosophie de la technologie blockchain - Ontologies L’éthique des mégadonnées (Big Data) en recherche Émotions et intelligence émotionnelle dans les organisations Pandémie COVID-19 - Approches philosophiques Évolution et éthique de l'eugénisme Épistémologie des services de renseignement Le film Solaris, réalisé par Andrei...

Croyance, Raison, Déraison

Autor: Gérard Fussman

Número de Páginas: 352

Le heurt entre croyances anciennes, découvertes scientifiques et pratiques rationnelles est souvent une guerre dont les victimes se comptent par milliers ou millions : malades mal soignés ou atteints par des épidémies qu’on laisse se développer, populations assoiffées ou sous-alimentées, victimes annoncées du réchauffement climatique. Qu’en est-il de ce conflit ?Les bases cognitives de la religion et de la croyance, voire du fanatisme, les grandes peurs et le mysticisme, les mécanismes des ruptures épistémologiques en science, et aussi de grandes questions historiques ou contemporaines comme les bûchers au Moyen Âge, l’affaire Lyssenko, le « créationnisme scientifique » aux États-Unis ou l’attitude de l’islam à l’égard des sciences : voici les rapports de l’irrationnel et du rationnel explorés dans toute leur complexité par les meilleurs spécialistes français et internationaux. Gérard Fussman est professeur au Collège de France, titulaire de la chaire d’histoire du monde indien. Contributions de S. Atran, J.-P. Changeux, N. Clayer, J. Decety, J. Delumeau, P. Descola, A. Fagot-Largeault, M. Froissart, O. Houdé, D. Lecourt, P. Mallet, S....

Maigrir sans régime

Autor: Jean-philippe Zermati

Número de Páginas: 449

Maigrir sans régime est plus nécessaire aujourd’hui que jamais. Et si pour cela il suffisait de faire la paix avec la nourriture et avec soi-même pour maigrir jusqu’à son poids d’équilibre ? Pour beaucoup d’entre nous, la vie s’est transformée en guérilla contre la nourriture et contre nous-mêmes. Mais renoncer au régime n’est pas renoncer à maigrir. Notre corps possède en lui la capacité et la « sagesse » de se réguler. Oublions ce que nous savons sur la sacro-sainte diététique pour découvrir les secrets de la faim, du plaisir et de la satiété. Il est possible d’apprendre à se comporter comme un mangeur normal. Et de maigrir grâce à cela !Jean-Philippe Zermati nous propose une approche scientifiquement étayée. Pour perdre du poids durablement, une autre solution est possible. Suivez le guide... Dans ce livre, un code d’accès vous permet d’accéder à un site Web pour bénéficier d’une analyse personnalisée de votre comportement alimentaire.Jean-Philippe Zermati est médecin nutritionniste, thérapeute comportementaliste, spécialiste des troubles du comportement alimentaire. ll est cofondateur et président d’honneur du GROS...

Recherches sur la Connaissance du Vivant

Autor: Serge Carfantan

Número de Páginas: 260

(Nouveau : dans cette édition, deux chapitres supplémentaires sur la pandémie) Contrairement aux « choses » simples, les êtres vivants semblent dotés d’un principe autonome de changement. Cette distinction entre chose, au sens de l’objet et le vivant figure déjà chez Aristote. Selon Aristote, l’être vivant existe par nature, car il porte en lui le principe de son mouvement, principe qu’Aristote désigne du nom de psyché, l’âme, qui est considérée comme entéléchie ou principe vital. Aristote marque donc un degré entre le plan de l’inerte et celui du vivant et il donne à l’âme une si­gni­fi­cation qui est d’abord biologique et non pure­ment psychique, comme le fera plus tard Descartes. Question subtile, puisque Aristote définit plusieurs formes d’âme, dont l’âme intellective seule reconnue par Descartes. Ainsi la notion de mouvement est elle-même très large incluant la croissance, mouvement par développement interne. Ce livre constitue un travail de synthèse autour du thème de la connaissance du vivant. Il propose une exploration complète de la notion, au début dans un contexte élémentaire, puis ensuite dans la visée d'une...

The Edge of Sentience

Autor: Jonathan Birch

Número de Páginas: 398

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read on the Oxford Academic platform and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Can octopuses feel pain and pleasure? What about crabs, shrimps, insects or spiders? How do we tell whether a person unresponsive after severe brain injury might be suffering? When does a fetus in the womb start to have conscious experiences? Could there even be rudimentary feelings in miniature models of the human brain, grown from human stem cells? And what about AI? These are questions about the edge of sentience, and they are subject to enormous, disorienting uncertainty. We desperately want certainty, but it is out of reach. The stakes are immense, and neglecting the risks can have terrible costs. We need to err on the side of caution, yet it's often far from clear what 'erring on the side of caution' should mean in practice. When are we going too far? When are we not doing enough? The Edge of Sentience presents a comprehensive precautionary framework designed to help us reach ethically sound, evidence-based decisions despite our uncertainty. The...

How Biology Shapes Philosophy

Autor: David Livingstone Smith

Número de Páginas: 367

A collection of original essays by major thinkers, addressing how the biological sciences inform and inspire philosophical research.

On Our Way

Autor: Robert Kastenbaum

Número de Páginas: 461

How do our ideas about dying influence the way we live? Life has often been envisioned as a journey, the river of time carrying us inexorably toward the unknown country—and in our day we increasingly turn to myth and magic, ritual and virtual reality, cloning and cryostasis in the hope of eluding the reality of the inevitable end. In this book a preeminent and eminently wise writer on death and dying proposes a new way of understanding our last transition. A fresh exploration of the final passage through life and perhaps through death, his work deftly interweaves historical and contemporary experiences and reflections to demonstrate that we are always on our way. Drawing on a remarkable range of observations—from psychology, anthropology, religion, biology, and personal experience—Robert Kastenbaum re-envisions life's forward-looking progress, from early-childhood bedtime rituals to the many small rehearsals we stage for our final separation. Along the way he illuminates such moments and ideas as becoming a "corpsed person," going down to earth or up in flames, respecting or abusing (and eating) the dead, coping with "too many dead," conceiving and achieving a "good death,"...

Reducing Salt in Foods

Autor: David Kilcast , Fiona Angus

Número de Páginas: 400

Concerns have grown that consumption levels of salt are well above those needed for nutritional purposes and that this can lead to adverse effects on health, in particular cardiovascular disease. Consumers are increasingly looking to reduce their salt intake, making salt reduction a priority for food manufacturers. This is not straightforward, though, as salt plays an important role in food preservation, taste and processability. Written by a team of international experts, Reducing salt in foods provides a unique review of current knowledge in this field.This book is divided into three parts and discusses the major issues concerned with salt reduction and how it may be achieved. Part one reviews the key health issues driving efforts to reduce salt, government action regarding salt reduction and the implications of salt labelling. Consumer perception of salt and views on salt reduction and are also discussed. The second part focuses on the technological, microbiological and sensory functions of salt and strategies that can be taken to reduce salt. The final part of the book outlines strategies which have been taken to reduce salt in particular food groups: meat and poultry,...

Olfaction and taste V

Autor: Derek Denton

Número de Páginas: 485

Olfaction and Taste V contains the proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Olfaction and Taste, held at the Howard Florey Institute of Experimental Physiology & Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia, in October 1974. Contributors discuss the knowledge about olfaction and taste, including the anatomy of receptors and their ultrastructure, innervation of receptor fields, and the processes of receptor ""turnover"". Themes ranging from taste modifiers and receptor proteins to afferent coding; how the sensory code for taste and olfaction are processed and sharpened; and conditioned taste aversions and other taste learning effects in food and fluid intake are discussed. This book is organized into 14 sections encompassing 73 chapters and begins with an introduction to the phylogenetic origins of sweet taste. The discussion then shifts to behavior and the evolutionary emergence of the chemoreceptor systems. This book provides an overview of the basic modalities of taste throughout the vertebrate phylum, along with the powerful selection pressures that operate to contrive phylogenetic emergence of these modalities with attendant survival advantage. It also looks at each ...

Many Things Under a Rock

Autor: David Scheel

Número de Páginas: 245

'Scheel brings the world of the octopus vividly alive. The best nature books do not just describe animals: they give us a sense of what it might be like to shape-shift ourselves and live in their skins.' Financial Times 'Fascinating. The deepest of octopus books' Peter Godfrey-Smith 'Octopuses are deeply, gloriously weird... The book abounds with wonders.' Kathleen Jamie, New Statesman 'Mind-blowing and soul-expanding.' Sy Montgomery, author of The Soul of an Octopus _________________ The octopus is a highly intelligent and deeply mysterious creature. It can communicate in sophisticated ways, change colour and texture in a split second, and sense aspects of the world that we cannot. Marine biologist David Scheel's lifelong preoccupation with these animals has led to a career of groundbreaking research. Here he shares his latest scientific understanding of octopuses and recounts his intrepid adventures with these charismatic creatures. Many Things Under a Rock celebrates octopuses as complex emotional beings and reveals what they can teach us about ourselves.

From Interaction to Symbol

Autor: Piotr Sadowski

Número de Páginas: 325

Against the background of jargon-ridden and often obscure semiotic literature Sadowski’s book offers a reader-friendly yet rigorous account of human communication and its evolution from animal and primate behaviour. What is specifically human about the way we exchange information with other people, and to what extent are our facial expressions, body language, and even emotive elements of speech still indebted to our pre-human ancestors? Why can the chimpanzees, smart as they are, not interpret animal tracks in the ground; why did religions often ban representational art; why is photography perceptually more powerful than painting; how have human syntactic speech and combinatorial grammar enabled the “explosion” of culture; and why do otherwise rational humans often strongly believe in the objective existence of unempirical, virtual entities such as religious and philosophic concepts? These and many other fascinating questions are addressed in the book within the methodological framework of systems theory and evolutionary psychology.

Introduction to Logic

Autor: Irving M. Copi , Carl Cohen , Victor Rodych

Número de Páginas: 723

For more than six decades, and for thousands of students, Introduction to Logic has been the gold standard in introductory logic texts. In this fifteenth edition, Carl Cohen and Victor Rodych update Irving M. Copi’s classic text, improving on its many strengths and introducing new and helpful material that will greatly assist both students and instructors. In particular, chapters 1, 8, and 9 have been greatly enhanced without disturbing the book’s clear and gradual pedagogical approach. Specifically: Chapter 1 now uses a simpler and better definition of "deductive validity," which enhances the rest of the book (especially chapters 1 and 8-10, and their new components). Chapter 8 now has: Simpler definitions of "simple statement" and "compound statement" More and more detailed examples of the Complete Truth-Table Method. Chapter 9 now has: A detailed, step-by-step account of the Shorter Truth-Table Method (with detailed step-by-step examples for conclusions of different types) A more complete and detailed account of Indirect Proof A detailed justification for Indirect Proof treating each of the three distinct ways in which an argument can be valid A new section on Conditional...

The Evolution of the Sensitive Soul

Autor: Simona Ginsburg , Eva Jablonka

Número de Páginas: 665

A new theory about the origins of consciousness that finds learning to be the driving force in the evolutionary transition to basic consciousness. What marked the evolutionary transition from organisms that lacked consciousness to those with consciousness—to minimal subjective experiencing, or, as Aristotle described it, “the sensitive soul”? In this book, Simona Ginsburg and Eva Jablonka propose a new theory about the origin of consciousness that finds learning to be the driving force in the transition to basic consciousness. Using a methodology similar to that used by scientists when they identified the transition from non-life to life, Ginsburg and Jablonka suggest a set of criteria, identify a marker for the transition to minimal consciousness, and explore the far-reaching biological, psychological, and philosophical implications. After presenting the historical, neurobiological, and philosophical foundations of their analysis, Ginsburg and Jablonka propose that the evolutionary marker of basic or minimal consciousness is a complex form of associative learning, which they term unlimited associative learning (UAL). UAL enables an organism to ascribe motivational value to...

Otras mentes. El pulpo, el mar y los orígenes profundos de la consciencia

Autor: Peter Godfrey-smith

Número de Páginas: 258

El libro del año para mentes curiosas, lo más parecido a un encuentro alienígena. «Una fabulosa mezcla de encuentros a lo Cousteau con cefalópodos, apasionantes discusiones científicas y reflexión filosófica. Maravillosamente escrito, estimulante y audaz.» Olivia Judson, The Atlantic En una rama muy distante de la nuestra en el árbol de las especies surgió otra mente elevada: la de los cefalópodos. Pero, ¿qué clase de inteligencia poseen estos animales? ¿Cómo desarrolló tal inteligencia el pulpo, criatura de escasa vida social y longevidad de apenas dos años? Otras mentes es una nueva y audaz historia de cómo la naturaleza se hizo consciente de sí misma, un relato que transcurre en gran medida en el mar. Peter Godfrey-Smith, distinguido filósofo de la ciencia y hábil buceador, describe sus impresionantes encuentros con octópodos y las travesuras perpetradas por pulpos cautivos al tiempo que traza el asombroso viaje evolutivo de los cefalópodos, una ruta alejada de la que más tarde tomaríamos los mamíferos. Una inmersión profunda y excepcionalmente reveladora en los orígenes de la experiencia subjetiva. Críticas: «El tema es tan asombroso que es...

APAIS 1994: Australian public affairs information service

Número de Páginas: 1106

Current Catalog

Autor: National Library Of Medicine (u.s.)

Número de Páginas: 1068

First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.

National Library of Medicine Current Catalog

Autor: National Library Of Medicine (u.s.)

Número de Páginas: 1080

Philosophical Essays

Autor: Nicolae Sfetcu

Número de Páginas: 936

A collection of personal essays in philosophy of science (physics, especially gravity), philosophy of information and communication technology, current social issues (emotional intelligence, COVID-19 pandemic, eugenics, intelligence), philosophy of art, and logic and philosophy of language. The distinction between falsification and refutation in the demarcation problem of Karl Popper Imre Lakatos - Heuristics and methodological tolerance Isaac Newton on the action at a distance in gravity: With or without God? Causal Loops in Time Travel The singularities as ontological limits of the general relativity Epistemology of Experimental Gravity - Scientific Rationality Philosophy of Blockchain Technology - Ontologies Big Data Ethics in Research Emotions and Emotional Intelligence in Organizations COVID-19 Pandemic - Philosophical Approaches Evolution and Ethics of Eugenics Epistemology of Intelligence Agencies Solaris, directed by Andrei Tarkovsky - Psychological and philosophical aspects Causal theories of reference for proper names CONTENTS: The distinction between falsification and refutation in the demarcation problem of Karl Popper - - - Abstract - - - Introduction - - - 1 The...

The Sentient Robot

Autor: Rupert Robson

Número de Páginas: 357

Artificial intelligence is on the point of taking humankind into a new age. The turning point will come when AI has advanced so far that it matches human intelligence in every way. Human intelligence, whilst slower in some respects, is still more flexible than AI. But, once AI has caught up, it will take no time at all before going on to surpass humans by a huge distance. That scary prospect is termed artificial superintelligence (ASI). Rupert Robson argues that we are now just two conceptual hurdles away from developing ASI. The first of the two hurdles is to embed consciousness in AI, thereby giving us the sentient robot. This will enable ASI to see the world through our eyes. The second of the two hurdles is about the developmental step needed in AI design so as to achieve human-level flexibility in thought. A new world is about to open up before us. We need to understand it and prepare for it.

Nugget Coombs

Autor: Tim Rowse

Número de Páginas: 452

H. C. Coombs was one of the most influential Australians of the twentieth century. Born in 1906, he is best known as the governor of the Reserve Bank, but the breadth of his activities and his commitment to public life until his death is unsurpassed. Tim Rowse traces Coombs' life from his childhood in Western Australia to his many roles as policy maker, change agent, advocate and adviser. Particularly interested in Coombs as an economist, Tim Rowse shows that a key motif in his life as a public servant was to create an economic rationality among the political elite that was socially integrative and that looked beyond the strictures of economics to environmental sustainability, scientific and artistic creativity. This 2002 book covers Coombs' life from birth to death, providing intriguing insights into the life of one of Australia's most influential people.

Animal Experimentation

Autor: Vaughan Monamy

Número de Páginas: 139

This updated third edition is an essential overview for teachers and students in medical and biological sciences, and for those who conduct animal-based research.

The Gastronomica Reader

Autor: Darra Goldstein

Número de Páginas: 376

"Rarefied but unpretentious, each issue is an artfully curated collection of essays, poems, art, and journalistic reportage. . . . Gastronomica's fare never fails to nourish us." --Saveur magazine "I am so impressed with this journal. It indicates an accuracy and diversity of information and style that will inspire and encourage people to pay attention to what they are eating."--Alice Waters "Food, even more than sex, is the basis for human relationships, and if Brillat-Savarin's 'Tell me what you eat and I will tell you who you are' is right, Gastronomica: The Journal of Food and Culture will enhance your life and improve your relationships with your family and your friends."--Jacques Pépin "Gastronomica deserves the food world's attention." --Paul Levy "A food journal of high standards that takes on substantive food issues."--Patricia Unterman "Interacting with so many disciplines, Gastronomica will assure a fine intellectual menu and reinvigorate the worlds of food and culture with ever higher standards of scholarship."--Anne Willan "[One of] my top food favorites from 2008. . . . A delightful study of all things food, even those that touch the world of food in a peripheral...

The Atlantic Slave Trade

Autor: Joseph E. Inikori , Stanley L. Engerman

Número de Páginas: 425

Debates over the economic, social, and political meaning of slavery and the slave trade have persisted for over two hundred years. The Atlantic Slave Trade brings clarity and critical insight to the subject. In fourteen essays, leading scholars consider the nature and impact of the transatlantic slave trade and assess its meaning for the people transported and for those who owned them. Among the questions these essays address are: the social cost to Africa of this forced migration; the role of slavery in the economic development of Europe and the United States; the short-term and long-term effects of the slave trade on black mortality, health, and life in the New World; and the racial and cultural consequences of the abolition of slavery. Some of these essays originally appeared in recent issues of Social Science History; the editors have added new material, along with an introduction placing each essay in the context of current debates. Based on extensive archival research and detailed historical examination, this collection constitutes an important contribution to the study of an issue of enduring significance. It is sure to become a standard reference on the Atlantic slave...

Nobel Prizes and Nature's Surprises

Autor: Erling Norrby

Número de Páginas: 470

Each year the Nobel Prizes in the natural sciences reveal amazing discoveries. Nominations are kept secret for 50 years after the awards have been made. Covering the awards from 1960 to 1962, this book reveals discoveries relating to the control of infectious diseases and the advent of organ transplant organs, as well as advances in molecular biology.

From Complexity in the Natural Sciences to Complexity in Operations Management Systems

Autor: Jean-pierre Briffaut

Número de Páginas: 244

Although complexity makes up the very fabric of our daily lives and has been more or less addressed in a wide variety of knowledge fields, the approaches developed in the Natural Sciences and the results obtained over the past century have not yet permeated Management Sciences very much. The main features of the phenomena that the Natural Sciences deal with are: non-linear behavior, self-organization and chaos. They are analyzed with the framing of what is called “systems thinking”, popularized by the mindset pertaining to cybernetics. All pioneers in systems thinking either had direct or indirect connections with Biology, which is the discipline considered complex par excellence by the public. When applying these concepts to Operations Management Systems and modeling organizations by BDI (Beliefs, Desires, Intentions) agents, the lack of predictability in the conduct of change management that is prone to bifurcations (tipping points) in terms of organizational structures and in forecasting future activities, reveals them to be ingrained in the interplay of complexity and chaos.

Work, Sex and Power

Autor: Willie Thompson

Número de Páginas: 272

This is the history of the world, from the origins of the Cosmos to the present day, seen through three major narratives: work, sex and power - the forces that have done more than any other to shape the world as we see it now. It expertly explores the foundations of our developing society by showing how these grand themes have recurred throughout the various phases of global history. From communities of Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers, through feudalism and onto the capitalistic machine-civilisation of recent centuries, Willie Thompson takes us on a journey that is fundamentally opposed to mainstream histories which concentrate on monarchs, politicians and military commanders. At the centre of this book lies the interaction between humans and their environment. By exploring history in this way, it reveals a simple yet powerful materialist understanding of how we got to where we are today, and opens a door to a different reading of our world.

Economic Zooarchaeology

Autor: Peter Rowley-conwy , Dale Serjeantson , Paul Halstead

Número de Páginas: 813

Economic archaeology is the study of how past peoples exploited animals and plants, using as evidence the remains of those animals and plants. The animal side is usually termed zooarchaeology, the plant side archaeobotany. What distinguishes them from other studies of ancient animals and plants is that their ultimate aim is to find out about human behaviour – the animal and plant remains are a means to this end. The 33 papers present a wide array of topics covering many areas of archaeological interest. Aspects of method and theory, animal bone identification, human palaeopathology, prehistoric animal utilisation in South America, and the study of dog cemeteries are covered. The long-running controversy over the milking of animals and the use of dairy products by humans is discussed as is the ecological impact of hunting by farmers, with studies from Serbia and Syria. For Britain, coverage extends from Mesolithic Star Carr, via the origins of agriculture and the farmers of Lismore Fields, through considerations of the Neolithic and Bronze Age. Outside Britain, papers discuss Neolithic subsistence in Cyprus and Croatia, Iron Age society in Spain, Medieval and post-medieval animal ...